虽然我分享过很多次文献有关的内容，但是依然有很多同学在文献引用这部分掌握的比较薄弱，经常会在后台收到这样子的私信“老师PPT内容可以引用吗，怎么引用呢”。通常我会给2种建议：
1）如果你想引用老师ppt上的内容，找到你要引用的内容看有没有对应文献找一下source来源，尽量用对应文献。
2）如果真的找不到但还是想作为evidence的话，可以用，我下面会具体教你怎么做。
文中引用：
1. 引用一个作者
一句话（作者的姓, 年份）
作者姓（年份）has investigated/examined …..
2. 引用两位作者
（作者1 and 作者2, 年份）
这个and也可以用&表示
3. 引用作者人数≥3
（作者1, et al., 年份）
4. 引用同一位作者在同年发表的两篇或以上论文
（作者, 2008a; 作者, 2008b）
之后可以用c d e…表示
5. 如果一本书由多个作者完成，不同学者完成不同的chapter，按照所引用章节的作者来写。
6. 二次引用：
1）如果你在读这篇文献发现这位作者引用了另外一位学者观点，可以直接找到original work的作者的文章引用。
2）如果实在找不到的话可以用以下方法：
According to 作者1 (2005) as cited by 作者2 (2008)
或者(作者2, 2008; citing 作者1, 2005)
(作者1, 2005, cited in 作者2, 2008)
7. 直接引用标清page
Matthews (2001) stated that …….(p.5).
8. 如果没特定作者可用公司或机构名代替
Reference在学术论文中很重要，一方面可以通过引用的内容去看到你对本篇研究论题的理解程度和对相关文献的分析度;另一方面也能避免你在查重或提交时被认为是没有依据的 plagiarism。
文献引用分为两种:
in- text citations文中引用
references/reference list/ bibliography文末引用
我们来看文末引用具体怎么写：
Author/Editor(if it is an editor always put(ed )after the name) (Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Series title and number (if part of seres
Edition (if not the first edition)
Place of publication(if there is more than one place listed, use the first named
Publisher
例子:
Simons.N.E. Menzies.B.＆Matthews, M.(2001)A Short Course in Soil and Rock Slope Engineering. London, Thomas Telford Publishing.
Author/Editor(if it is an editor always put(ed )after the name) ( Year of publication)
Title(this should be in italics
Edition (if not the first edition [ Online
Place of publication(if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Publisher
Available from: URL [Date of access]
例子:
SimonsN.E. Menzies.B.＆Matthews, M(2001)A Short Course in Soil and Rock Slope Engineering [Online] London, Thomas Telford Publishing Available from : http www myilibrary.com?id=93941 [ accessed 18th June 2008].
Author of the chapter
Year of publication)
Title of chapter followed by In
Editor(always put(ed )after the name)
Title (this should be in italics)
Series title and number(if part of a serles)
Edition (if not the first edition
Place of publication(if there is more than one place listed, use the first named
Publisher
Page numbers
例子:
Partridge，H.＆Hlam，G. (2007)evidence-based practice and information literacy. In: Lipu，S., Williamson, K &Lloyd, A(eds.)
Exploring methods in information literacy research. Wagga Wagga,Australia. Centre for Information Studies,pp.149-170.
Author
( Year of publication
Title of journal article
Title of journal(this should be in italics)
Volume number
Issue number
Page numbers of the article
例子:
Chhibber，P.K.＆ Majumda，S.K.(1999)Foreign ownership and profitability: Property rights, control, and the performance of firms in Indian industry. Journal of Law Economics, 42(1),209-238
Author
(Year of publication)
Title of journal article
Title of journal(this should be in italics)
[Ionline]
Volume number ssue number
Page numbers of the article( do not use 'p'.before the page numbers)
Available from: URL or DOI
[Date of access]
例子:
Arrami，M.＆ Garne，H.(2008)A tale of two citations. Nature. [Online 451 ( 7 1 7 7 ) ， 3 9 7 - 3 9 9 . Available from http / / www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451 /n7177/full/451397a html [Accessed 20th January 2008].
Lecture/presentation
Name of lecturer/presenter
Year of lecture/presentation)
Title of lecturepresentation(this should be in italics)
Lecture/Presentation]
Title of module/degree course(f approprlate
Name of institution or location
Date of lecture/presentation ( day month)
例子:
Wagner， G.(2017) Structural and functional studies of protein interactions in gene expression. [Lecture] Imperial College London, 12th December.
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